Transportation
New road and rail developments require the developer to conduct an archaeological assessment to decide if further archaeological work is required. The necessity of further work is determined by the unique characteristics of the study area and its historical relevance. If further work is required, the project proceeds to fieldwork. At this point, a formal permit must be issued if one has not already been obtained. The time required to complete the fieldwork depends on the size of the project and historical resources found. Fieldwork can take anywhere between a single day for a small intersection upgrade, to several weeks or even months for major rail line or highway expansions. All fieldwork must be completed under snow free and thawed conditions according to government regulations.
If no archaeological resources are discovered within the project area, it may proceed as planned. If archaeological resources are discovered, depending on the significance, avoidance or further work may be necessary. When appropriate, it will be possible to mitigate a small portion of the site in order to extract as much valuable archaeological information as possible in a limited amount of time. The time involved in a mitigation vary between a few days and several months depending on the size and significance of the historical resource and the amount of impact that will occur. Mitigations must be completed under thawed conditions.

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 Shovel testing along a highway

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